Scheduled tasks are a fairly common feature in modern web applications. From cleaning out caches every 24 hours to checking subscription periods and even generating reports, more web applications live by the clock than ever before. But how do we schedule the execution of a PHP script on the server side?
The answer, for Linux-based servers, is crontab. The crontab utility on UNIX systems allows commands to be executed and predefined intervals. These commands are essentially the same commands as you would run from any local console. For example, you could create a new cron “job” to run a bash script, and set it to run once per day at 12:00 midnight.
In terms of PHP, we can then call our PHP scripts via command line using the `php` binary. There are two issues here: first, we need to know where PHP is, and second, we need to know where our scripts are. Say your scripts are in /home/username/example.com, and your PHP binary is in /usr/bin, Your command to run your script could be this:
/usr/bin/php /home/username/example.com/myscript.php
Now, we have to configure cron to execute this. If your host has cPanel, you may have a cron job interface which will take this command as an option and allow you to configure visually the times at which it will execute. If you don’t have some kind of web-based interface, you’ll need to go one step further and manually create crontab entries via a command line terminal.
Fire up a console window at your server (e.g. in PuTTY) and run “crontab -e”. If you are prompted for an email address, enter an address you can easily manage e.g. a gmail inbox or a catch-all. A command-line text editor such as nano or vi/emacs should appear, and you’re ready to start creating crontab entries.
Here’s a sample entry:
0 0 * * * /usr/bin/php /home/username/myscript.php
The first section is the key: this defines the timing. There are five fields, minute, hour, day of month, month and day of week. Each takes a numerical value (typically starting at 0, not 1) or an asterisk to represent “all values”. Ranges are also an option, e.g. 1-5. For example, here we want the 0th minute of the 0th hour of every day of month, every month, on every day of week – in otherwords, midnight every day. This page has a great tutorial on cron scheduling.
Once you’ve worked out the cron entry for your intended timing, just add the entry to your crontab file – edited by running `crontab -e` – and save and exit. Crontab will automatically manage the changes and start scheduling your tasks immediately. If your scripts have any output, you will also receive an email with the output. Practise this a little, and within no time you’ll be a PHP task scheduling master!
6 Responses to “Running PHP cron jobs – regular scheduled tasks in PHP”
May 16, 2008
CraigYou can also add ‘#!/usr/bin/php -q’ as the first line inside the php script.
Chmod the php file as executable, then it will be executable like any other script.
0 0 * * * /usr/bin/php /home/username/myscript.php
turns into:
0 0 * * * /home/username/myscript.php
May 20, 2008
pauluZDon’t forget to add a parametr -c with the path to php.ini file in the first line inside the php script. Why?
Sometimes the conf file for php isn’t loaded and then you have to point to it:
`#!/usr/bin/php -q -c /etc/php.ini’
July 25, 2009
gaditanoHello,
I’m using the cron but I have a question.
If a run the script from the cron, I’m receiving the message:
Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 16777216 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 45 bytes) in /home/jgodino/public_html/sginfra.com.ar/sginfra_system_files/plugins/dompdf/include/frame.cls.php on line 358
If I run the same scrip from the browser, the program run ok.
This run ok, because the script is reading the php.ini with 64MB.
Is the cron using another php.ini?
Thanks
Gaditano
November 25, 2009
SanujHello!
My php file is located at /var/www/html/ddic/ad/a_index.php and php.ini is at /etc/php.ini
i have kept this line at /etc/crontabl and created a ddic file in cron.daily to execute
30 2 * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.daily
and ddic file as
#!/bin/sh
30 2 * * * * /usr/bin/php /var/www/html/ddic/ad/a_index.php
Will This execute the php file (a_index.php) daily at 2:30 AM.
Please suggest me.
January 30, 2010
adboxI use an external cron management service (free) http://www.cronwatch.com
March 24, 2010
atasözleriThank you but i dont understand this method.
I am using this :
exec( ‘php /home/username/routine_task.php > /home/username/routine_task.log &’ );